Creating Installation Media (USB) and Installing

For Mac users:

Download Ubuntu from https://jp.ubuntu.com/download ⧉.

Write the downloaded ISO file to a USB drive.

sudo dd if=~/Downloads/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/disk4 status=progress

Check the target disk (e.g., of=/dev/disk4) using diskutil list.

Then install Ubuntu using the created USB drive.

https://higmasan.com/ubuntu/ubuntu24-04/install-ubuntu-24-04-lts/#toc5 ⧉

Changing Home Directory Folder Names to English

Having folders like “ダウンロード” or “デスクトップ” in Japanese can be inconvenient. Revert them to English.

LC_ALL=C xdg-user-dirs-update --force

Use the following command to check current settings.

cat .config/user-dirs.dirs

Delete the Japanese-named folders.

rm -rf デスクトップ ダウンロード テンプレート 公開 ドキュメント ミュージック ピクチャ ビデオ

If you’re using a GUI, after reboot and login, a window may pop up asking, “Do you want to update the standard folders to match the current language?”. Check “Don’t show this again” and select “Keep old names”.

https://zenn.dev/tasiten/articles/7727537e2e975e ⧉

Switching Between Japanese and English Input

To switch between Japanese and English using Ctrl+Space:

Go to “Settings” → “Keyboard”, and add input sources for Japanese (Mozc) and English (US).

Scroll down to “Keyboard Shortcuts” → “View and Customize Shortcuts” → under “Typing”, set “Switch to Next Input Source” to Ctrl+Space.

https://qiita.com/Ryo99_1001/items/e505674d4eee7d5a60b9 ⧉

Installing SSH

SSH is essential.

sudo apt install openssh-server

It should start automatically after installation. If not, enable it manually.

sudo systemctl start ssh
sudo systemctl enable ssh

Edit /etc/ssh/sshd.conf as needed.

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PermitRootLogin no
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PubkeyAuthentication yes
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PermitEmptyPasswords no
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PasswordAuthentication yes

sudo systemctl restart sshd

https://higmasan.com/ubuntu/ubuntu24-04/enabling-ssh-connections-to-ubuntu-24-04/ ⧉

sInstalling Samba

Using scp works, but mounting with Samba is more convenient.

sudo apt install samba

Config File

Add the following to /etc/samba/smb.conf:

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[global]
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   unix extensions = no
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   wide links = yes
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[<mount name>]
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   path = /home/<user name>
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   browsable = yes
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   read only = no
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   guest ok = no
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   valid users = <user name>
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   force user = <user name>

Replace <user name> with your actual username, and <mount name> with any display name you like.

Set smbpasswd

Add an SMB password for your user.

# sudo smbpasswd -a <user name>

Mounting HDD

Easier to do it via GUI.

Go to “Utilities” → “Disks”.

apt-clone

If you’re managing multiple (compute) servers, using apt-clone makes replicating environments easier.

On the source server

sudo apt update & upgrade
sudo apt install apt-clone
sudo apt-clone clone ~/hoge

Transfer the generated hoge.apt-clone.tar.gz to the destination server using scp.

On the destination server

sudo apt update & upgrade
sudo apt install apt-clone
sudo apt-clone restore ~/hoge.apt-clone.tar.gz

https://marumalog.hatenablog.jp/entry/2018/11/09/204219 ⧉